Roles & Components

1. Users

Users interact with the ERC-0 system to perform gasless transactions.

Key Responsibilities

• ETH/Token Commit: Deposit funds into the ERC-0 contract.

function commit() external payable { 
  // Lock ETH or tokens for off-chain use 
}

• Off-Chain Transactions: Execute transfers, trades, or contract calls without paying gas.
• Disperse Request: Submit a disperse() call to finalize off-chain transactions on Ethereum.

2. Projects (DEX, Launchpad, Authorized Entities)

dApps or services connected to the ERC-0 contract.

Use Cases

• A DEX allows users to trade tokens off-chain.
• A Token Launchpad processes token sales without on-chain gas costs.

Project Responsibilities

• Validate user transactions.
• Submit disperse() requests with ZK-proofs to Ethereum.

3. Off-Chain Validators (Bundlers)

Entities that collect, batch, and submit transactions to Ethereum.

Core Functions

• Manage UserOperations Mempool

  • Aggregate transactions.
  • Filter invalid operations (e.g., incorrect nonce, insufficient balance).

• Generate ZK-Proofs

zk_proof = generate_proof(batch_transactions, previous_state, new_state)

• Submit Disperse to Ethereum

function disperse(bytes calldata zkProof) external {
    require(verifyProof(zkProof), "Invalid proof");
    _updateBalances();
}

4. ERC-0 Main Contract

The central smart contract deployed on Ethereum mainnet.

Key Functions

• commit() → Lock user funds.
• disperse() → Finalize off-chain transactions on Ethereum.
• verifyProof() → Validate ZK-proofs.

Storage Structure

5. ZK-Proof Mechanism

Ensures off-chain transactions are valid without revealing details.

How It Works

1. User transactions are stored off-chain.
2. Validators generate a ZK-proof for the batch.
3. The proof is submitted to Ethereum and verified by the ERC-0 contract.
4. If valid, balances are updated on-chain.

✅ Advantages

• ✔ Reduces Gas Costs → Only proof verification happens on-chain.
• ✔ Instant Finality → No 7-day delay like Optimistic Rollups.
• ✔ Security & Privacy → Validity is proven without exposing transaction data.